Tim Gardner

Journal Articles

Academic Journal

• Gardner, T., Romney, A., (2023). Empowering Flight Exercise: Teaching Students the Design, Underlying Processes, and Organizational Outcomes of Empowering Work Systems. Management Teaching Review, 8:1, 22-39.
• Gardner, T., Van Iddekinge, C.H, Hom, P.W, (2018). If you’ve got leavin’ on your mind: The identification and validation of pre-quitting behaviors. Journal of Management, 44:8, 3231-3257.
• Gardner, T., Munyon, T.P, Hom, P.W, Griffeth, R.W, (2018). When Territoriality Meets Agency: An Examination of Employee Guarding as a Territorial Strategy . Journal of Management, 44:7, 2580-2610.
• Gardner, T., Wright, P.M, Moynihan, L.M, (2011). The Impact of Motivation, Empowerment, and Skill Enhancing Practices on Aggregate Voluntary Turnover: The Mediating Effect of Collective Affective Commitment. Personnel Psychology, 62:2, 315-350.
• Gardner, T., Stansbury, J., Hart, D., (2010). The Ethics of Lateral Hiring. Society for Business Ethics, 20:3, 341-369.
• Gardner, T., Wright, P.M, (2009). Implicit Human Resource Management Theory: A Potential Threat to the Internal Validity of Human Resource Practice Measures. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20:1, 57-74.
• Gardner, T., (2005). Human Resource Alliances as a Means of Improving the Recruiting, Management, and Retention of Employees. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16:6, 1057-1074.
• Wright, P.M, Gardner, T., Moynihan, L.M, Allen, M.R, (2005). The Relationship between HR Practices and Firm Performance: Examining Causal Order. Personnel Psychology, 58:2, 409-446.
• Gardner, T., (2005). Interfirm Competition for Human Resources: Evidence from the Software Industry. Academy of Management Journal, 48:2, 237-256.
• Park, H.J, Gardner, T., Wright, P.M, (2004). HR Practices or HR Capabilities: Which Matters? Insights from the Asia-Pacific Region. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 42:3, 260-273.
• Wright, P., Gardner, T., Moynihan, L.M, (2003). The Impact of Human Resource Practices on Business Unit Operating and Financial Performance. Human Resource Management Journal, 13:3, 21-36.
• Gardner, T., (2002). In The Trenches at the Talent Wars: Competitive Interaction for Scarce Human Resources. Human Resource Management, 41:2, 225-237.
• Wright, P.M, Gardner, T., Moynihan, L.M, Park, H.J, B.G, Delery, J.E, (2001). Measurement Error in Research on Human Resources and Firm Performance: Additional Data and Suggestions for Future Research. Personnel Psychology, 54:4, 875-902.

Professional Journal

• Gardner, T., (2025). How Salespeople Game the System. Harvard Business Review (print edition), 103:2, 110-117. *
• Albrecht, C., Gardner, T., Allred, S., Winn, B., Condie, A., (2016). To Sit at the Table, You have to Know the Language: Important Financial Metrics for HR Directors.. Strategic HR Review, 15:3
• Gardner, T., (2016). 13 Signs that Someone is about to Quit, According to Research. Harvard Business Review - Online *
• Gardner, T., (1999). When Pay for Performance Works Too Well: The Negative Impact of Pay Dispersion. Academy of Management Executive, 13:4, 101-103. *

Public or Trade Journal

• Keller, J., Gardner, T., Winn, B., (2022). They’ve Got Leaving on Their Minds: Leading for Keeps Amid the Big Quit. People + Strategy, 45:2, 50-54. *

Book Chapters

• Gardner, T., Erhardt, N.L, Martin-Rios, C., (2011). Rebranding Employment Branding: Establishing a New Research Agenda to Explore the Attributes, Antecedents, and Consequences of Workers’ Employment Brand Knowledge: Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management. Emerald Group Publishing Limited
• Wright, P.M, Gardner, T., (2003). The Human Resource-Firm Performance Relationship: Methodological and Theoretical Challenges: The New Workplace: People, Technology, and Organizations. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. *

Magazine/Trade Publications

• Andors, A., Gardner, T., (2012). The Value of Poaching. HR Magazine *

An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.